GDP Growth and Fertility Decline – A Causality Evaluation for Albania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15795456Keywords:
fertility, GDP growth, Albania, economic development, Toda–Yamamoto methodAbstract
For years an extensive literature has supported the idea that economic development causes fertility declines in many countries. The economic and social impact that lower fertility has on demographic and macroeconomic variables raises the need for thorough analysis, and policy implications. However, recent studies have also shown that fertility rates can increase during economic development, if certain conditions are met. For this reason, in this paper we have evaluated to what extent the fertility declines in Albania during the last decades, was caused by GDP growth. Using the Toda–Yamamoto approach the results show that there is a causality effect between these variables. Therefore, policymakers should explore methods to enhance fertility, aiming for long-term demographic and macroeconomic stability.
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