Sustainable Development and Climate Change Adaptation in Vietnam (2011–2024)

Abstract

This study aims to analyse Vietnam’s sustainable development pathway in adapting to climate change during the 2011 – 2024 period from the perspectives of resilience and green transition, thereby assessing the extent of structural transformation in its growth model. The research employs policy analysis combined with secondary data on greenhouse gas emissions, energy structure, forest area, and disaster-related losses, alongside a longitudinal trend comparison. The results indicate that Vietnam has made significant progress in institutionalising climate adaptation and expanding renewable energy, as reflected in declining emissions intensity per unit of GDP and a rising share of clean energy. However, total greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, and the growth model remains reliant on carbon-intensive sectors. The findings suggest that incremental adaptation is insufficient to achieve long-term sustainability goals. A systemic transformation approach- emphasising economic restructuring and institutional reform - is necessary to enhance resilience and ensure sustainable development in the context of escalating climate risks.